- 作 者：朱跃，方瑞芬主编
- 出 版 社：合肥：安徽大学出版社
- 出版年份：2015
- ISBN：9787566409843
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1．What Is Linguistics？ 1
1.1 Definition of Linguistics 1
1.2 Main Branches of Linguistics 2
1.3 Why Study Language？ 5
2．What Is Language？ 6
2.1 Definition of Language 6
2.2 Design Features of Language 8
3．Important Distinctions in Linguistics 11
3.1 Prescriptive Vs.Descriptive 11
3.2 Synchronic Vs.Diachronic 12
3.3 Speech Vs.Writing 13
3.4 Langue Vs.Parole 14
3.5 Competence Vs.Performance 16
Exercises 17
Further Readings 18
Chapter 2 Phonetics 19
1．The Phonic Medium of Language 19
2．Phonetics 20
2.1 What Is Phonetics？ 20
2.2 Organs of Speech 22
2.3 Classification of English Speech Sounds 25
2.4 Broad Transcription and Narrow Transcription 31
Exercises 33
Further Readings 34
Chapter 3 Phonology 35
1．General Introduction to Phonology 35
2．Basic Concepts of Phonology 39
2.1 Phone,Phoneme and Allophone 39
2.2 Phonemic Contrast,Complementary Distribution and Minimal Pair 42
3．Some Phonological Rules 44
3.1 Sequential Rules 44
3.2 Assimilation Rules 45
4．Suprasegmental Features：Stress,Tone and Intonation 47
4.1 Stress 48
4.2 Tone 49
4.3 Intonation 49
Exercises 50
Further Readings 51
Chapter 4 Morphology 52
1．Morphology 52
2．Morphemes 53
3．Types of Morphemes 54
3.1 Free Morphemes 54
3.2 Bound Morphemes 55
4．Allomorph 59
5．Word Formation Rules 60
5.1 Compounding 62
5.2 Derivation 62
5.3 Conversion 63
5.4 Clipping 63
5.5 Initialism 64
5.6 Acronym 64
5.7 Blending 64
5.8 Back-formation 64
Exercises 65
Further Reading 66
Chapter 5 Syntax 67
1．Syntactic Categories 67
2．Combinational Rules 68
3．Sentence Structure 71
3.1 The Structural Approach and IC Analysis 71
3.2 Advantages and Problems of IC Analysis 72
3.3 Transformational-generative Grammar 75
4．Universal Grammar 84
4.1The Observational Basis of UG 84
4.2 General Principles of UG 85
4.3 General Parameters of UG 89
Exercises 93
Further Readings 94
Chapter 6 Semantics 95
1．General Introduction 95
2．Approaches to Semantics 97
2.1 The Naming Theory 97
2.2 The Conceptualist Theory 99
2.3 Contextualism 101
2.4 Behaviorism 103
3．Lexical Meaning 105
3.1 Sense and Reference 105
3.2 Major Semantic Relationships between Words 107
4．Sentence Meaning 117
5．Analysis of Meaning 119
5.1 Componential Analysis—a Way to Analyze Lexical Meaning 119
5.2 Predication Analysis—a Way to Analyze Sentence Meaning 120
Exercises 123
Further Readings 123
Chapter 7 Pragmatics 125
1．What Is Pragmatics？ 125
2．Context 126
3．Presupposition 128
4．Speech Acts 131
5．Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implications 136
6．Deixis 141
7．Politeness Principle 142
Exercises 145
Further Readings 146
Chapter 8 Language and Society 147
1．Speech Community 147
2．Relationships between Language and Society 149
3．Language Varieties 152
3.1 Dialects 154
3.2 Register 168
3.3 Mixture of Varieties 169
Exercises 174
Further Readings 175
Chapter 9 Language and Culture 176
1．General Introduction 176
1.1 The Relationship between Language and Culture 176
1.2 The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 178
2．Cross-cultural Communication 180
2.1 Meaning as Sign 180
2.2 Cultural Clash 182
2.3 Stereotype 185
Exercises 187
Further Readings 188
Chapter 10 Language and Acquisition 189
1．First Language Aquisition 189
1.1 The Behaviorist Perspective 190
1.2 The Innatist Perspective 192
1.3 A Social Interactionist Perspective 195
2．Second Language Aquisition 197
2.1 Connections between FIA and SLA 197
2.2 Errors and Error Analysis 199
2.3 Interlanguage 201
2.4 Input Hypothesis 203
2.5 Individual Differences 205
2.6 Approaches and Methods to Second Language Teaching 210
Exercises 220
Further Readings 221
Chapter 11 Cognitive Linguistics 223
1．Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics 223
2．Three Main Ways of Approaching Language in Cognitive Linguistics 225
3．Categories and Categorization 227
3.1 Classical Model of Categorization 229
3.2 Prototype Theory of Categorization 231
4．Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy 233
4.1 Conceptual Metaphor 233
4.2 Conceptual Metonymy 236
5．Iconicity 239
6．Grammaticalization 242
Exercises 244
Further Readings 245
Chapter 12 Computer and Linguistics 247
1．Rationalism and Empiricism in Linguistic Research 247
2．Corpus Linguistics,Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing 249
3．Types of Corpora 251
4．Data Analysis in Corpus Linguistics 254
5．Corpus-driven Approach Vs.Corpusbased Approach 260
Exercises 262
Further Readings 263
References 264