道德情操论 英文全本

1 Part Ⅰ 1

1.1 Of the Sense of Propriety 1

1.1.1 Of Sympathy 1

1.1.2 Of the Pleasure of mutual Sympathy 5

1.1.3 Of the Manner in which we udge of the Propriety or Im-propriety of the Affections of other Men,by their concord or dissonance with out own 8

1.1.4 The same Subect continued 10

1.1.5 Of the amiable and respectable Virtues 14

1.2 Of the Degrees of the different Passions which are consistent with Propriety 17

1.2.1 Of the Passions which take their origin from the Body 18

1.2.2 Of those Passions which take their origin from a partic-ular turn or habit of the Imagination 21

1.2.3 Of the Unsocial Passions 23

1.2.4 Of the Social Passions 28

1.2.5 Of the Selfish Passions 30

1.3 Of the Effects of Prosperity and Adversity upon the Judgment of Mankind with regard to the Propriety of Action;and why it is more easy to obtain their Approbation in the one state than in the other 32

1.3.1 That though our sympathy with Sorrow is generally a more lively sensation than our sympathy with Joy,it commonly falls much more short of the violence of what is naturally felt by the person principally concerned 32

1.3.2 Of the origin of Ambition,and of the distinction of Ranks 38

1.3.3 Of the corruption of our Moral Sentiments,which is oc-casioned by this disposition to admire the rich and the great,and to despise or neglect persons of poor and mean condition 46

2 Part Ⅱ 51

2.1 Of the Sense of Merit and Demerit 51

2.1.1 That whatever appears to be the proper obect of grat-itude,appears to deserve reward;and that,in the same manner,whatever appears to be the proper obect of re-sentment appears to deserve punishment 52

2.1.2 Of the proper Obects of Gratitude and Resentment 53

2.1.3 That where there is no approbation of the conduct of the person who confers the benefit,there is little sympathy,with the gratitude of him who receives it;and that,on the contrary,where there is no disapprobation of the motives of the person who does the mischief,there is no sort of sympathy with the resentment of him who suffers it 55

2.1.4 Recapitulation of the foregoing Chapters 57

2.1.5 The Analysis of the Sense of Merit and Demerit 58

2.2 Of Justice and Beneficence 62

2.2.1 Comparison of those two Virtues 62

2.2.2 Of the sense of Justice,of Remorse,and of the conscious-ness of Merit 66

2.2.3 Of the utility of this constitution of Nature 69

2.3 Of the Influence of Fortune upon the Sentiments of Mankind,with regard to the Merit or Demerit of Actions 74

2.3.1 Of the Causes of this Influence of Fortune 76

2.3.2 Of the Extent of this Influence of Fortune 79

2.3.3 Of the final cause of this Irregularity of Sentiments 85

3 Part Ⅲ 89

3.1 Of the Principle of Self-approbation and of Self-disapprobation 89

3.2 Of the love of Praise,and of that of Praise-worthiness;and of the dread of Blame,and of that of Blame-worthiness 92

3.3 Ofthe Influences and Authority of Conscience 107

3.4 Of the Nature of Self-deceit,and of the Origin and Use of general Rules 126

3.5 Of the Influence and Authority of the general Rules of Morality,and that they are ustly regarded as the Laws of the Deity 130

3.6 In what cases the Sense of Duty ought to be the sole Principle of our Conduct;and in what cases it ought to concur with other Motives 139

4 Part Ⅳ 146

4.1 Of the Beauty which the Appearance of Utility bestows upon all the Productions of Art,and of the extensive Influence of this Species of Beauty 146

4.2 Of the Beauty which the Appearance of Utility bestows upon the Characters and Actions of Men;and how far the Perception of this Beauty may be regarded as one of the original Principles of Approbation 153

5 Part Ⅴ 159

5.1 Of the Influence of Custom and Fashion upon our notions of Beauty and Deformity 159

5.2 Of the Influence of Custom and Fashion upon Moral Sentiments 164

6 Part Ⅵ 175

6.1 Of the Character of the Individual,so far as it affects his own Happiness;or of Prudence 175

6.2 Of the Character of the Individual,so far as it can affect the Happiness of other People 180

6.2.1 Of the Order in which Individuals are recommended by Nature to our care and attention 181

6.2.2 Of the Order in which Societies are by nature recom-mended to our Beneficence 189

6.2.3 Of Universal Benevolence 195

6.3 Of Self-command 198

7 Part Ⅶ 223

7.1 Of the Questions which ought to be examined in a Theory of Moral Sentiments 223

7.2 Of the different Accounts which have been given of the Nature of Virtue 224

7.2.1 Of those Systems which make Virtue consist in Propriety 225

7.2.2 Of those Systems which make Virtue consist in Prudence 246

7.2.3 Of those Systems which make Virtue consist in Benevolence 251

7.2.4 Of Licentious Systems 257

7.3 Of the Different Systems which have been Formed Concerning the Principle of Approbation 264

7.3.1 Of those Systems which deduce the Principle of Appro-bation from Self-love 265

7.3.2 Of those Systems which make Reason the Principle of Approbation 267

7.3.3 Of those Systems which make Sentiment the Principle of Approbation 270

7.4 Of the Manner in which different Authors have treated of the practical Rules of Morality 275