- 作 者：edited by J.D. Nyhart
- 出 版 社：
- 出版年份：1983
- ISBN：
- 标注页数：306 页
- PDF页数：318 页
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Chapter 1 Introduction&Milton M.Carrow and J.D.Nyhart 1
Models for Regulatory Decision Making Concerning Science and Technology 2
Conclusion 10
Part Ⅰ Changing Frameworks 11
Chapter 2 An Overview:Two Models of Regulatory Decision Making&Jerry L.Mashaw 13
A Normative Perspective:Models as Legitimating Ideals 13
A Critical Perspective:Problems of Implementation and the Compromise of Ideals 16
Summary 21
Chapter 3 Components of an Adequate Record&William Warfield Ross 23
An Adequate Record-From Whose Standpoint? 24
Standards Governing Judicial Review of Agency Proceedings 24
The Interaction between Court and Agency and Its Effect on the Administrative Record 29
Comment&Stephen G.Breyer 41
Chapter 4 Some Thoughts on Science and Scientists in the 1980s&J.William Haun 47
The Scientific Method and Ethos 47
Big Science and the Deterioration of the System 48
Comment&Clifford Grobstein 51
Part Ⅱ Five Case Studies of Special Mechanisms 53
Chapter 5 OSHA's Generic Carcinogen Policy:Rule Making under Scientific and Legal Uncertainty&Thomas O.McGarity 55
History of the OSHA Generic Carcinogen Policy 56
Effectiveness of the GCP Effort 73
Lessons for the Future 82
Comment&Richard A.Merrill 105
Comment&J.William Haun 109
Chapter 6 The Role of the National Academy of Sciences in Public Policy and Regulatory Decision Making&Clifford Grobstein 115
Nature of NAS and Its Mandate 115
Organization of the Academy Complex 117
The Academy Process of Study and Report 118
NRC Studies and Reports as Adjuncts to Regulation 122
Examining a Case History 130
Concluding Remarks 133
Comment&Harold P.Green 135
Chapter 7 NIH's Consensus-Development Program:Theory,Process,and Critique&Charles Upton Lowe 139
Statement of the Problem 139
An Approach to the Problem:Diffusion Theory 141
Evolution of NIH's Consensus-Development Effort 145
An Evaluation 148
Conclusion 152
Comment:On Public Acceptance of Regulatory Decisions Involving Technology-Based Health Risks&Kenneth H.Thompson 155
Chapter 8 The Role of Advisory Committees in Resolving Regulatory Issues Involving Science and Technology:Experience from OSHA and the EPA&Nicholas A.Ashford 165
The Purposes of Advisory Committees 166
The Legal Framework for OSHA and EPA Advisory Committees 168
Analysis of the Role of Advisory Committees 170
Recommendations for Improving the Effectiveness of Advisory Committees 173
Comment:Channels of Communication between Various Subsets of the Public and a Regulatory Agency&Anna J.Harrison 175
Chapter 9 The First FDA Public Board of Inquiry:The Aspartame Case&Vincent Brannigan 181
Issue 1:Framing the Question to the PBOI 182
Issue 2:Constituting the Board 185
Issue 3:Limiting Evidence in the Proceeding 190
Issue 4:Conducting the Hearing 192
Issue 5:The Decision 195
Issue 6:The Appeal to the Commissioner 197
Issue 7:The Record 199
Issue 8:The Commissioner's Decision 200
Conclusions 201
Comment&Nancy L.Buc 203
Comment&Harold M.Peck 207
Part Ⅲ Working Together:Lawyers,Scientists,Judges,Engineers 211
Chapter 10 The Cognitive Style of Lawyers and Scientists&Peter G.W.Keen 213
Decision-Making Methods and Assumptions:Judges and Managers 215
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 219
Cognitive Style and Occupational Specialization 223
Mutual Understanding 228
Lawyers and Scientists 230
Implications for Cognitive Style for the Use of Scientific Expertise 236
Appendix 10A 239
Comment&Milton R.Wessel 245
Part Ⅳ Learnings:A Summary 253
Chapter 11 Toward Better Resolution of Regulatory Issues Involving Science and Technology&J.D.Nyhart and Milton M.Carrow 255
Science as a Special Case 255
Mechanisms for Infusing Science into the Regulatory Process 257
Changing Frameworks for Science in Regulatory Decisions 268
A Model of Law and Science Collaboration in Resolving Regulatory Disputes Involving Science and Technology 273
Conclusion:Practical Applications of the Model 294
Index 297
About the Contributors 303
About the Editors 306