- 作 者：Williams
- 出 版 社：Blackstone Press [Imprint];Oxford University Press
- 出版年份：1998
- ISBN：9781854316929;1854316923
- 标注页数：563 页
- PDF页数：569 页
请阅读订购服务说明与试读!
订购服务说明
1、本站所有的书默认都是PDF格式，该格式图书只能阅读和打印，不能再次编辑。
2、除分上下册或者多册的情况下，一般PDF页数一定要大于标注页数才建议下单购买。【本资源569 ≥563页】
图书下载及付费说明
1、所有的电子图书为PDF格式，支持电脑、手机、平板等各类电子设备阅读；可以任意拷贝文件到不同的阅读设备里进行阅读。
2、电子图书在提交订单后一般半小时内处理完成,最晚48小时内处理完成。(非工作日购买会延迟)
3、所有的电子图书都是原书直接扫描方式制作而成。
1 Introduction 1
2 Definitions, Terminology and the Criminal Process 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 The judicial process 2
2.3 Formal sources of criminal law 7
2.4 Underlying influences 7
2.5 Defining a crime 11
2.6 Enforcement of criminal laws 29
2.7 The criminal 37
2.8 Terminology and classification 38
2.9 Appeals 39
2.10 Limits of prosecution 40
2.11 Evi-dence 42
2.12 Punishment 42
3 Public Conceptions and Misconceptions of Crime 46
3.1 Introduction 46
3.2 Popular and media perceptions of crime 47
3.3 Effects of media on public perceptions of crime 55
3.4 Two unperceived areas of crime 60
4 The Extent of Crime:A Comparison of Official and Unofficial Calculations 76
4.1 Official statistics 76
4.2 Comparative problems with official statistics 81
4.3 The dark figure of crime 83
4.4 Conclusion 95
5 Victims, Victimisations and Victimology 98
5.1 Introduction 98
5.2 Theextent of the problem 102
5.3 Who is at risk and why? 104
5.4 Who fears crime? 111
5.5 Support and services for victims 114
5.6 Victim precipitation and lifestyle 126
5.7 Conclusion 130
6 Influences of Physical Factors and Genetics on Criminality 140
6.1 Introduction 140
6.2 Early constitutional or biological theories 141
6.3 Lombroso 142
6.4 After Lombroso 145
6.5 Somatotypes and criminality 148
6.6 Genetic factors 149
6.7 Conclusion 163
7 Influences of Biochemical Factors and of the Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems on Criminality 168
7.1 Biochemical factors 168
7.2 Nutritionally induced biochemical imbalances 177
7.3 Criminality and the central nervous system 182
7.4 Criminality and the autonomic nervous system 187
7.5 Conclusion 189
7.6 Postscript on biology and crime 192
8 Psychological Theories of Criminality 197
8.1 Introduction 197
8.2 Psychoanalysis and criminality 198
8.3 The normal criminal personality 206
8.4 Assessment of dangerousness and criminality 219
8.5 Conclusions 234
9 Mental Disorder and Criminality 240
9.1 Introduction 240
9.2 Legal ideas of mental disorder 241
9.3 Medical ideas of mental illness 250
9.4 Psychopathy 256
9.5 Self-induced mental incapacity 259
9.6 Conclusion 266
10 Intelligence and Learning 272
10.1 Intelligence and crime 272
10.2 Learning 283
10.3 Conclusion 298
11 The Sociology of Criminality 305
11.1 Introduction 305
11.2 The ecology of crime 309
11.3 Poverty and unem-ployment 324
11.4 Lower-class culture 329
11.5 Conclusion 335
12 Anomie, Strain and Juvenile Subculture 343
12.1 Anomie and criminality 343
12.2 Strain and relative deprivation 351
12.3 Subcultural theories of juvenile deviance 354
12.4 Matza and Sykes 362
12.5 Conclusion 366
13 Control Theories 370
13.1 Introduction 370
13.2 Early control theories 371
13.3 Individual control 372
13.4 Sociological control theories 376
13.5 Control balance 379
13.6 Facilitat-ing and choosing criminality 382
13.7 Community based origins of conformity 383
13.8 Official or institutional control agents 393
13.9 Evaluation of control theories 402
14 Labelling, Phenomenology and Ethnomethodology 411
14.1 Introduction 411
14.2 Labelling or interactionism 413
14.3 Phenomen-ology and ethnomethodology 425
14.4 Left idealism 432
15 Conflict Theories and Radical Criminologies 438
15.1 Introduction 438
15.2 Conflict theories 439
15.3 Radical criminology 453
15.4 Conclusion 457
16 Criminology and Realism 462
16.1 The birth of realism 462
16.2 Right realism 464
16.3 Left realism 469
17 Positivist Explanations of Female Criminality 490
17.1 Introduction 490
17.2 Biological, hormonal and psychological theories 491
17.3 Learning theories 503
17.4 Sex role theories 504
17.5 Strain theories 508
17.6 Control theories 509
17.7 Conclusion 511
18 Women's Liberation and Feminist Theories 516
18.1 Introduction 516
18.2 Female liberation 517
18.3 Feminist theories 526
18.4 Conclusion 535
19 Envoi 541
Index 545