- 作 者：Richard A. Posner
- 出 版 社：Harvard University Press
- 出版年份：2007
- ISBN：9780674708761;0674708768
- 标注页数：485 页
- PDF页数：498 页
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Introduction: The Birth of Law and the Rise of Jurisprudence 1
The Origins of Law and Jurisprudence 4
A Short History ofJurisprudence 9
A Preview of the Book 24
PART Ⅰ.THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF LAW 37
1.Law as Logic, Rules, and Science 37
The Syllogism and Other Methods of Logic 38
Rules, Standards, and Discretion 42
Scientific Observation 61
2.Legal Reasoning as Practical Reasoning 71
What Is Practical Reason? 71
Authority 79
Reasoning by Analogy 86
A Note on Legal Education 98
3.Other Illustrations of Practical Reasoning in Law 101
Interpretation 101
Means-End Rationality 105
Tacit Knowing 108
Submitting to the Test of Time 112
4.Legitimacy in Adjudication 124
The Problem of Rational Prejudgment 124
Consensus 125
Policy versus Pedigree as Warrants forJudicial Action 130
How Are Judges’ Visions Changed? 148
Critical Legal Studies 153
PART Ⅱ.THE ONTOLOGY OF LAW 161
5.Ontology, the Mind, and Behaviorism 161
Ontological Skepticism 161
Mental and Other Metaphysical Entities in Law 167
Behaviorism and the Judicial Perspective 186
6.Are There Right Answers to Legal Questions? 197
Questions of Law 197
Questions of Fact 203
7.What Is Law, and Why Ask? 220
Is It a Body of Rules or Principles, an Activity, or Both? 220
Holmes, Nietzsche, and Pragmatism 239
PART Ⅲ.INTERPRETATION REVISITED 247
8.Common Law versus Statute Law 247
9.Objectivity in Statutory Interpretation 262
The Plain-Meaning Fallacy 262
The Quest for Interpretive Theory 269
Indeterminate Statutory Cases 278
10.How to Decide Statutory and Constitutional Cases 286
Is Communication Ever Possible? 293
Beyond Interpretation 299
A Case Study of Politics and Pragmatism 302
PART Ⅳ.SUBSTANTIVE JUSTICE 313
11.Corrective, Retributive, Procedural, and Distributive Justice 313
Corrective Justice and the Rule of Law 313
A Note on Retributive Justice—and on Rights 330
Formal Justice 332
Distributive Justice 334
What Has Moral Philosophy to Offer Law? 348
12.The Economic Approach to Law 353
The Approach 353
Criticisms of the Positive Theory 362
Criticisms of the Normative Theory 374
Common Law Revisited 387
13.Literary, Feminist, and Communitarian Perspectives on Jurisprudence 393
Law and Literature 393
Natural Law and Feminist Jurisprudence 404
Communitarianism 414
PART Ⅴ.JURISPRUDENCE WITHOUT FOUNDATIONS 423
14.Neotraditionalism 423
The Decline of Law as an Autonomous Discipline 424
The Neotraditionalist Response 433
15.A Pragmatist Manifesto 454
Index 471