- 作 者：by Alf Ross.
- 出 版 社：Lawbook Exchange
- 出版年份：2004
- ISBN：1584774886
- 标注页数：383 页
- PDF页数：395 页
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1. PROBLEMS OF JURISPRUDENCE 1
Terminology and tradition 1
The nature of law 6
Preliminary analysis of the concept “ valid law” 11
The branches of the study of law 19
Not “ jurisprudence ” but “ jurisprudential problems ” 24
Discussion 27
2. THE CONCEPT “VALID LAW ” 29
The content of the legal system 29
The validity of the legal system 34
Verification of legal propositions concerning norms of conduct 38
Verification of legal propositions concerning norms of competence 50
Law—force—validity 52
Law, morality and other normative phenomena 59
Discussion: idealism and realism in jurisprudence 64
Discussion: psychological and behaviouristic realism and their synthesis 70
3. THE SOURCES OF LAW 75
Doctrine and theory of the sources of law 75
Legislation 78
Precedent 84
Custom 91
The tradition of culture （“ reason ”） 97
The relation of the various sources to “ valid law ” 101
The doctrine of the sources of law 103
Discussion 104
4. THE JUDICIAL METHOD （INTERPRETATION） 108
Doctrine and theory of method 108
The semantic basis 111
Problems of interpretation. 123
Ⅰ: Syntactic 123
Ⅱ: Logical 128
Ⅲ: Semantic 134
Interpretation and administration of justice 135
Pragmatic factors in interpretation 145
Pragmatic factors and the technique of argumentation 151
Discussion 155
5.THE LEGAL MODALITIES 158
Terminology of legal language 158
An improved terminology 161
Discussion 168
6. THE CONCEPT OF RIGHTS 170
The right as a technical tool of presentation 170
Application of the concept of rights in typical situations 175
Application of the concept of rights in non-typical situa- tions 178
The scope of a right 183
Discussion 186
7.RIGHTS In Rem AND RIGHTs In Personam 189
Doctrine and problems 189
Right of disposal and right of claim 192
Protection in remn and protection in personam 196
The connection between content and protection 197
8. THE FUNDAMENTAL DIVISIONS OF THE LAw 202
Public law and private law 202
Substantive law and the law of procedure 207
Discussion 211
9. THE OPERATIvE FACTS 214
Terminology and distinctions 214
The private disposition 217
Promise, charge and authorisation 223
10. SOME FEATURES OF THE HISTORY OF NATURAL LAw 227
Greek popular belief: Homer and Hesiod 227
The Sophists 233
Aristotle 237
The Stoics and Roman law 239
The natural law of the Scholastics （Thomas Aquinas） 242
Rationalism 245
Natural law in disguise 249
The renascence of natural law 254
11. ANALYSIS AND CRITICISM OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF NATURAL LAW 258
Epistemological points of view 258
Psychological points of view 262
Political points of view 263
Points of view of legal theory 265
12. THE IDEA OF JUSTICE 268
Justice and natural law 268
Analysis of the idea of justice 269
Some illustrations 275
Justice and positive law 280
The demand for equality in the law in force 285
13.UTILITARIANISM AND THE CHIMERA OF SOCIAL WELFARE 289
The relation of utilitarianism to natural law 289
The principle of maximisation and its dissonance with our actual choice 292
The chimera of social welfare 295
14.SCIENCE AND POLITICS 297
Cognition and action 297
The mutual interaction between belief and attitude 300
Practical disagreement: argumentation and persuasion 305
Science and policy making 315
Discussion 325
15.THE PROVINCE AND TASK OF LEGAL POLITICS 327
The demarcation between legal politics and other politics 327
Legal politics de lege ferenda and de sententia ferenda 331
The theoretical foundation of legal politics 332
The task of legal politics: statement of the premises 334
The task of legal politics: formulation of conclusions 336
16.POSSIBILITY OF LEGAL POLITICS: BETWEEN FATE AND UTOPIA 340
The prophets of fate deny the possibility of legal politics 340
The historical school 344
The economic historicism of Marx 347
Limitations of legal politics and study of trends 351
17.THE ROLE OF THE LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN LEGAL POLITICS 358
Attitudes based on needs （interests） 358
Moral attitudes 364
The role of the legal consciousness in legal politics: three fundamental postulates 369
The role of the legal consciousness when practical con- siderations fail 373
Index 379