- 作 者：ROBIN T.BOWEN
- 出 版 社：CRC PEESS
- 出版年份：2010
- ISBN：1420088939
- 标注页数：197 页
- PDF页数：214 页
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1 What Is Ethics? 1
Introduction 1
Ethical Theories 2
The Study of Ethics 3
Utilitarianism: The Greater Good 4
Deontological Ethics: Obligation and Intention 6
Comparing Approaches for Forensic Science 8
Ethical Decision Making 9
Framework for Ethical Decisions 12
Rule 1: Inherent Good Surpasses Noninherent Good 13
Rule 2: Noninherent Evil Surpasses Inherent Evil 14
Rule 3: When Selecting between Levels of Good or Evil,Select the Highest Good or the Lowest Evil 14
Result of Decisions 14
2 The Ethics of the Criminal Justice Culture 19
Introduction 19
Recruitment 20
Culture 21
Ethics of Criminal Justice 23
Ethics Training 25
Unethical Behavior 26
Sources of Pressure for the Forensic Scientist 31
3 Ethics in the Courtroom: The Scientist's Perspective 33
Introduction 33
Role of Attorneys 34
Attorney-Expert Relationship 36
Misconduct 38
Examples of Misconduct 40
Duke Lacrosse Case, 2006 41
Federal Prosecutors, 2007 42
4 Research Ethics in Science 45
Introduction 45
Science, Technology, and Society 46
Research and Publication 48
Ethics in Science and Research 51
Misconduct 52
5 Ethics in Forensic Science 57
Introduction 57
Crime Scene 58
Laboratory 59
Role of the Scientific Expert Witness 61
Qualification 64
Admissibility of Scientific Evidence 66
The Frye Case 67
The Daubert Case 68
Parameters 69
Misconduct 71
6 Unethical Behavior: The Fork in the Road 75
Introduction 75
Unethical Behavior 77
Motivation 82
Justification 85
Consequences 86
Whistle-Blowing 88
7 Good Examples of Bad Behavior 93
O. J. Simpson Case 93
Case Studies 94
False Credentials (Associated Press, 2007a) 94
Misleading Degree (Moran, 2006) 96
Pros 96
Cons 96
Abuse of Power (North, 2001) 97
Supporting a Habit (Huicochea, 2008) 98
"Errors" (Armstrong, 2007) 98
Prosecutor Pressure (Moxley, 2008) 99
Detroit (Clickondetroit.com, 2008) 100
Procedure (Johnson, 2008) 101
Fingerprints (Associated Press, 2008) 102
Personal Gain (Bone, 2007) 102
Research (Associated Press, 2006) 103
So What Happened? 103
What Was the Scientists' Defense? 104
On the Other Hand... 104
FBI Whistle-Blower 104
Notorious Examples Every Forensic Scientist Should Know 105
Fred Zain 105
Michael West 105
Kathleen Lundy 105
Allison Lancaster 105
David Petersen 106
Joyce Gilcrist 106
Houston Police Department Crime Laboratory 106
8 Codes of Ethics 107
Introduction 107
National Forensic Center 109
Developing Codes of Ethics 110
Purpose 111
Council of Scientific Society Presidents Study of Codes of Ethics 113
Familiarity with Codes of Ethics 113
The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) 114
Article Ⅱ. Code of Ethics and Conduct 114
The American Board of Criminalistics (ABC) 118
Rules of Professional Conduct 118
American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors 120
The International Association for Identification (IAI) 120
9 An Ethical Approach to Forensic Professionalism 123
Introduction 123
Education 123
Competence 126
Professions and Professionalism 127
Awareness 128
National Academy of Sciences Report 129
Appendix A: Initial Research Data on Ethics in Forensic Science 131
Appendix B: Additional U.S. Forensic Science Professional Codes of Ethics 141
Appendix C: U.S. Law Enforcement Professional Codes of Ethics 157
Appendix D: International Forensic Science Professional Codes of Ethics 171
Bibliography 165
Index 187