- 作 者：SUBRATA ROY CHOWDHURY
- 出 版 社：LONDON
- 出版年份：1989
- ISBN：
- 标注页数：290 页
- PDF页数：304 页
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Introduction 1
The Paris Minimum Standards: eight years of study by theILA 1
The structure of the present study 7
1 Section A Emergency: Declaration, Duration and Control 11
Public emergency and allied concepts: a generic term 12
Public emergency envisaged in three different situations 15
Public emergency resulting from political crises 22
ILA's definition of public emergency: four basic elements 24
Existence of emergency: European precedents 29
Three general principles to prevent abuse of emergen powers 36
The threshold issue: the legitimacy of a government competent to declare and maintain emergency 36
Paris Minimum Standards: the declaration, duration and termination of emergency 41
Aberrations from reference model 45
The role of the legislature in an emergency regime 55
Termination of emergency 57
The scope of judicial review 57
2 Section B Emergency Powers and the Protection of the Individual 89
General Principles 89
A: The power to take derogatory measures: five conditions precedent 90
The notification of derogation 91
The rule of proportionality 101
Consistency with other international law obligations 119
The principle of non-discrimination 121
Non-derogable rights and freedoms 128
B: The role of the legislature: six norms in the Paris Minimum Standards 129
C: The importance of an independent judiciary in time of emergency 130
Undermining its independence: four ways 131
The role of the judiciary and the independence of the legal profession: the Paris Miminum Standards 139
3 Section C Non-Derogable Rights and Freedoms: Draft Articles 1—16 143
The principle of emergency-proof non-derogable rights 143
Paris Minimum Standards: the ILA's dynamic mosaic of sixteen non-derogable rights 146
Appendices 265
Index 279