认知语用研究 词汇转喻的理解

Chapter One Introduction 1

1.1 The importance of metonymy in verbal communication 1

1.2 The target of research 3

1.3 Rationale of the research 8

1.4 Objectives of the study 10

1.5 Methodology for the research 13

1.6 Organization of the dissertation 14

Chapter Two Review of the Relevant Literature 15

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Structuralist views 16

2.3 The perspective of cognitive semantics 18

2.3.1 Reference-point phenomena 19

2.3.2 The idealized cognitive model 22

2.3.3 Meaning elaboration 25

2.4 The pragmatic approach 28

2.4.1 Previous pragmatic accounts of metonymy 28

2.4.2 A preliminary relevance-theoretic account of metonymy 31

2.5 The limitations in current accounts of metonymy 35

Chapter Three A Description of the Conceptual Framework 37

3.1 Introduction 37

3.2 The delimitation of metonymy for the present study 37

3.2.1 Linguistic realization of metonymy 37

3.2.2 The working definition of metonymy 42

3.2.3 Distinguishing metonymy from metaphor 45

3.3 Theoretical foundations 48

3.3.1 Relevance theory 49

3.3.2 Cognitive semantics 57

3.3.3 The complementarity of cognitive semantics and relevance theory 64

3.4 The characterization of the conceptual framework 67

3.4.1 Constraints involved in metonymy recognition 67

3.4.2 Comprehension heuristics employed in metonymy interpretation 68

3.4.3 Cognitive effects achieved in metonymy interpretation 69

Chapter Four Constraints on Metonymy Recognition 71

4.1 Introduction 71

4.2 Syntactic constraint:syntactic deviations 72

4.3 Semantic constraint:violations of selection restriction 77

4.4 Cognitive constraint:cognitive principles of relative salience 80

4.4.1 Human experience 81

4.4.2 Perceptual selectivity 83

4.4.3 Cultural preferences 84

4.5 Pragma-cognitive constraint:the constraining influence of context 87

4.5.1 Dynamic context 88

4.5.2 Mutual manifestness 95

4.6 Conclusion 99

Chapter Five Ad hoc Concept Construction of Metonymy 101

5.1 Introduction 101

5.2 Lexical pragmatics and ad hoc concept construction 102

5.3 The "transfers of meaning"issue 105

5.3.1 Reference transfer 106

5.3.2 Contextual variability of word meaning 108

5.4 An alternative solution to"transfers of meaning" 111

5.4.1 Cracking contiguity relations of metonymy 112

5.4.2 A refined relevance-guided comprehension heuristics 121

5.4.3 A cognitive pragmatic interpretation of metonymy:an application 126

5.5 Reference transfer and beyond 135

5.6 Conclusion 140

Chapter Six Cognitive Effects of Metonymy in Utterance Interpretation 142

6.1 Introduction 142

6.2 Economy considerations 143

6.3 Contextual implications 146

6.3.1 A trade-off between cognitive effort and cognitive effects 147

6.3.2 Highlighting of associative relations 150

6.4 Poetic effects 153

6.4.1 Strong and weak implicature 154

6.4.2 Speaking the unspeakable 156

6.4.3 Achieving interpersonal effects 162

6.5 Conclusion 166

Chapter Seven Conclusion 168

7.1 Major findings 168

7.2 Implications 174

7.2.1 Philosophical implications:sense and reference 174

7.2.2 Linguistic implications:semantics-pragmatics distinction 177

7.2.3 Logical implications:ways of inference and utterance interpretation 180

7.3 Suggestions for further study 182

Bibliography 184

后记 199

Lists of Figures and Tables 20

Figure 2-1 Reference-point phenomena 20

Figure 2-2 Metonymy expansion and reduction 27

Figure 2-3 Descriptive and interpretive dimensions of language use 32

Figure 3-1 Continuum view of metaphor and metonymy 48

Figure 3-2 An integrated account of metonymy 70

Figure 5-1 Narrowing 103

Figure 5-2 Broadening 104

Figure 5-3 Reference transfer 108

Figure 5-4 A refined relevance-theoretic comprehension heuristics 123

Figure 5-5 Types of metonymy 135

Figure 5-6 The continuum of"strength of contact" 136

Figure 5-7 Types of partonomy 137

Table 2-1 A general procedure for the comprehension of metonymy 34

Table 5-1 The comprehension heuristic steps involved in metonymy interpretation 129