- 作 者：
- 出 版 社：MARTINUS NIJHOFF
- 出版年份：1971
- ISBN：9024750636
- 标注页数：366 页
- PDF页数：378 页
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CHAPTER Ⅰ: Purpose of the inquiry 1
PART ONE HISTORY OF ASYLUM AND BASIS FOR ITS GRANT 3
CHAPTER Ⅱ. History of asylum 5
ASYLUM IN SACRED PLACES 5
FROM RELIGIOUS SANCTITY TO SOVEREIGNTY 15
LATER DEVELOPMENTS: POLITICAL ASYLUM 19
LATER DEVELOPMENTS: DIPLOMATIC ASYLUM 20
CHAPTER Ⅲ. Basis for the grant of asylum 50
A. LEGAL BASIS 50
1. International law 50
a. Territorial asylum 50
b. Non-territorial asylum 51
2. National law 51
B. EXTRA-LEGAL BASIS 51
PART TWO ASYLUM FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE INDIVIDUAL 59
CHAPTER Ⅳ. The Individual's position in international law with respect to asylum 61
a. The individual's international duties 66
b. The individual's international rights 66
c. The individual's right to petition before international organs 67
d. The individual's procedural ability and amenability before international organs 68
a. Views expressed recently by various governments on the nature of the right of asylum 70
b. Provision of asylum in national constitutions and legislation 72
c. Provision for non-extradition of political offenders in extradition treaties 72
a. Surrender not in pursuance of extradition treaty 74
b. Surrender in consequence of seizure on foreign territory by the officials of the state of origin 75
c. Surrender in consequence of mistake 76
CHAPTER Ⅴ. Asylum as a human right 89
CHAPTER Ⅵ. The international political refugee 95
WHO IS AN INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL REFUGEE? 95
1. Refugees specified 98
2. Refugee defined 99
REFUGEEHOOD AND STATELESSNESS 104
SOURCES OF LAW PERTAINING TO REFUGEES 105
a. Internal sources 105
b. International sources 105
TREATMENT OF REFUGEES 107
Admission 108
Non-expulsion (non-refoulement) 110
Exemption from reciprocity 111
Exemption from exceptional measures 112
Applicable law for determining refugee's personal status 112
Naturalization 113
Administrative assistance 113
Travel 114
a. Documents 114
b. Travel for activities other than economic 115
c. Travel for economic activities 115
Other rights and protection 115
DETERMINATION OF THE REFUGEE STATUS 116
TERMINATION OF THE REFUGEE STATUS 118
a. Repatriation 118
b. Migration 119
c. Assimilation 119
DEPENDENTS OF THE REFUGEE 123
REFUGEE AND EXTRADITION 124
ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS OF REFUGEES 126
INTERNATIONAL MACHINERY FOR PROTECTION OF REFUGEES 126
PART THREE ASYLUM FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF STATES 153
SUB-PART A. TERRITORIAL ASYLUM 153
CHAPTER Ⅶ. Rights and duties of states granting territorial asylum 155
RIGHT OF STATES TO GRANT TERRITORIAL ASYLUM 155
DUTIES OF STATES GRANTING TERRITORIAL ASYLUM 156
1. Duty to control the activities of the person to whom asylum is given 156
2. Duty with respect to extradition 157
3. Duty with respect to non-refoulement 159
CHAPTER Ⅷ. The political offense 170
GROWTH OF THE NOTION OF POLITICAL OFFENSE 170
MEANING OF POLITICAL OFFENSE 173
1. Act as part of an organized political activity 174
2. Act committed with predominantly political characteristics 175
3. Act justifying non-extradition in order to avoid political persecution 175
THE PROBLEM OF MIXED OFFENSES 177
1. The principle of predominant element 178
2. The principle of the attentat clause 178
3. The principle of the unqualified attentat clause 179
4. Murder 179
5. Anarchist offenses 180
6. Acts of communists 181
7. Brutality 181
8. Quislings, traitors, or collaborationists with the enemy 181
9. War criminals 183
10. Revolutionary activities 183
11. Offenses incident to flight from country 183
12. Murder and robbery 184
13. Robbery 184
14. Assault 184
15. Bombings 184
16. Bribery 185
17. Forgery 185
18. Genocide 185
19. Religious offenses 186
20. Terrorism 186
21. The Harvard Research approach 187
SUB-PART B. NON-TERRITORIAL ASYLUM 203
CHAPTER Ⅸ. The forms of non-territorial asylum 205
CHAPTER Ⅹ. Diplomatic asylum 207
A. THE PRINCIPLE OF EXTERRITORIALITY OF THE DIPLOMATIC PREMISES AS A BASIS FOR DIPLOMATIC ASYLUM 207
B. DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AS A BASIS FOR DIPLOMATIC ASYLUM 209
C. INTERNATIONAL CUSTOM AS A BASIS FOR DIPLOMATIC ASYLUM 209
1. Practice of states in Europe 211
2. Practice of the United Kingdom 212
3. Practice of the United States of America 214
4. Practice of states in Asia and Africa 218
5. Practice of states in South and Central America 218
Argentina 222
Bolivia 223
Brazil 224
Chile 224
Colombia 226
Costa Rica 227
Cuba 227
Dominican Republic 228
Ecuador 229
El Salvador 229
Guatemala 230
Haiti 231
Honduras 233
Mexico 233
Nicaragua 233
Panama 234
Paraguay 234
Peru 234
Uruguay 236
Venezuela 236
D. USAGE AS A BASIS FOR DIPLOMATIC ASYLUM 238
E. TREATY AS A BASIS FOR DIPLOMATIC ASYLUM 239
1. Treaty on international penal law 239
2. Convention on asylum 240
3. Convention on political asylum 240
4. Treaty on political asylum and refuge 240
5. Convention on diplomatic asylum 241
F. REGIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW AS A BASIS FOR DIPLOMATIC ASYLUM 244
CHAPTER Ⅺ. Consular asylum 263
CHAPTER Ⅻ. Maritime asylum 267
A. ASYLUM IN PUBLIC VESSELS 267
B. ASYLUM IN PRIVATE VESSELS 268
PART FOUR CONCLUSION 273
CHAPTER ⅩⅢ. Summary and conclusions 275
BIBLIOGRAPHY 283
INDEX 348