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Alternative Energy Systems and Applications
  • 作 者:
  • 出 版 社:Inc
  • 出版年份:2010
  • ISBN:9780470142509
  • 标注页数:418 页
  • PDF页数:431 页
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1 Energy in the United States 1

1.1 Energy and Power 1

1.2 Energy Usage and Standard of Living 1

1.3 A Historical Perspective of Energy Usage in the United States 3

1.4 United States Energy Usage in 2007 6

1.5 Worldwide Energy Use 12

1.6 Efficiencies 13

1.7 Closure 15

Review Questions 15

References 15

2 Fundamentals of Turbomachinery 16

2.1 Definition of a Turbomachine 16

2.2 Turbomachine Classifications 16

2.3 Turbomachine Analysis 17

2.4 Example Problems 22

2.5 Closure 27

Review Questions 27

Exercises 28

References 29

3 Hydropower 30

3.1 Introduction 30

3.2 Examples of Hydroelectric Dams 31

3.3 Hydraulic Analysis 33

3.4 Turbine Specific Speed Considerations 38

3.5 Energy Transfer in Turbines 43

3.6 Closure 52

Review Questions 52

Exercises 53

References 55

4 Wind Energy 56

4.1 Introduction 56

4.2 Fundamental Concepts 59

4.3 Wind Energy Resources 66

4.4 Wind Turbine Operation 73

4.5 Commercial Wind Turbine Examples 80

4.6 Closure 84

Review Questions 85

Exercises 85

References 87

5 Combustion Turbines 88

5.1 Introduction 88

5.2 The Combustion Turbine 88

5.3 The Air-Standard Brayton Cycle 91

5.4 Actual Gas Turbine Cycle Analysis 92

5.5 Combustion Turbine Cycle Variations 102

5.6 Examples of Commercially Available Combustion Turbines 104

5.7 Closure 111

Review Questions 111

Exercises 112

References 113

Websites 113

6 Solar Energy Fundamentals 114

6.1 Introduction 114

6.2 Radiation Heat Transfer Review 114

6.3 Sun Path Description and Calculation 129

6.4 Sun Path Development Using Mathcad 134

6.5 The Solar Energy Database 141

6.6 Closure 144

Review Questions 144

Exercises 145

References 148

7 Active Solar Thermal Applications 149

7.1 Introduction 149

7.2 Flat-Plate Collector Fundamentals 153

7.3 Solar Collector and Weather Data 159

7.4 The f -Chart Method 167

7.5 Other Solar Thermal Systems 174

7.6 Closure 175

Review Questions 176

Exercises 176

References 178

Appendix A 179

8 Passive Solar Energy 191

8.1 Fundamental Concepts of Passive Solar Energy 191

8.2 Quantifying Passive Solar Features 197

8.3 The First-Level Method or Rules of Thumb 200

8.4 The Second-Level Method(LCR Method) 202

8.5 Daylighting 203

8.6 Passive Solar Software 205

8.7 Closure 206

Review Questions 207

Exercises 207

References 208

Appendix A 209

9 Photovoltaic Systems 225

9.1 Introduction 225

9.2 Photovoltaic Cell Fundamentals 226

9.3 Photovoltaic Components 233

9.4 Photovoltaic Systems 241

9.5 Closure 246

Review Questions 247

Exercises 247

References 248

10 Fuel Cel ls 249

10.1 Introduction 249

10.2 Fuel Cell Fundamentals 249

10.3 Fuel Cell Thermodynamics Fundamentals 252

10.4 Fuel Cell Types 258

10.5 Fuel Cell Availability 264

10.6 Closure 266

Review Questions 267

Exercises 267

References 268

11 Combined Heat and Power(CHP)Systems 269

11.1 Introduction 269

11.2 CHP System Fundamentals 272

11.3 CHP System Economics and Operation 277

11.4 Economic Assessment of CHP Suitability 283

11.5 CHP System Example 288

11.6 Closure 292

Review Questions 293

Exercises 293

References 295

12 Biomass 296

12.1 Introduction 296

12.2 Biomass Availability 298

12.3 Biomass Fundamentals 300

12.4 Biomass Characteristics 302

12.5 Biomass Based Fuels and Products 304

12.6 Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) 319

12.7 Closure 326

Review Questions 327

Exercises 328

References 328

Websites 329

13 Geothermal Energy 330

13.1 Introduction 330

13.2 Geothermal Resources 332

13.3 Geothermal Energy Systems 335

13.4 Geothermal Examples 348

13.5 Ground-Source Heat Pumps 350

13.6 Closure 355

Review Questions 355

Exercises 356

References 356

WebSiteS 357

14 Ocean Energy 358

14.1 Introduction 358

14.2 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC) 358

14.3 Tidal Energy 370

14.4 Wave Energy 376

14.5 Closure 380

Review Questions 380

Exercises 381

References 381

Websites 382

15 Nuclear Energy 383

15.1 Introduction 383

15.2 Fundamentals of Nuclear Energy 384

15.3 Nuclear Power 390

15.4 Fusion Power 404

15.5 Closure 410

Review Questions 410

Exercises 411

References 411

Websites 412

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